Nitrogen
| Element | Nitrogen |
| Symbol | N |
| Atomic Number | 7 |
| Molar Mass | 14.1 gmol-1 |
| Electron Configuration | [He]2s22p3 |
| Normal State | gas nonmetal |
| Density @STP | 1.25x10-3 g cm-3 |
| Melting Point | -210oC |
| Boiling Point | -196oC |
| Stable Isotopes | 14N, 15N |
| Atomic Radius | 74 pm |
| Ionic Radius | 171 (3-) pm |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 3.04 |
| Ionization Energy (1st) | 1402 kJ mol-1 |
| Ionization Energy (2nd) | 2856 kJ mol-1 |
| Ionization Energy (3rd) | 4578 kJ mol-1 |
| Molar Heat Capacity | 20.8 J K-1mol-1 |
| Standard Molar Entropy | 153.3 J K-1mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 0.72 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vapourization | 5.577 kJ mol-1 |
[Back to Periodic table]
- Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless diatomic gas (at STP) element
- Nitrogen discovered by Daniel Rutherford (1772)
- Nitrogen named by Jean-Antoine Chaptal (1790)
- Nitrogen is a common element in the universe and makes up most of the Earths atmosphere
- Nitrogen occurs in all living organisms
- Nitrogen cycle describes movement of the element from the air, into the biosphere and organic compounds, then back into the atmosphere
- Nitrogen forms many important compounds like ammonia, nitric acid, organic nitrates and cyanides
- Nitrogen has a extremely strong triple bond in elemental nitrogen, the second strongest bond in any diatomic molecule (after carbon monoxide CO)
- Nitrogen is relatively inert gas and causes difficulty for both organisms and industry in converting N2 into useful compounds
- Burning, exploding, or decomposing nitrogen compounds to form nitrogen gas releases large amounts of often useful energy
- Nitrogen compounds ammonia and nitrates are key industrial fertilisers
- Nitrogen is a constituent of every major pharmacological drug class
- Nitrogen bonds to almost all the elements in the periodic table except the first three noble gases, helium, neon, and argon
- Nitrogen gas is an industrial gas produced by the fractional distillation of liquid air
- Nitrogen gas is mostly used as an inert atmosphere whenever the oxygen in the air would pose a fire, explosion, or oxidising problems
- Nitrogen gas used as a modified atmosphere to nitrogenate and preserve the freshness of packaged or bulk foods
- Nitrogen gas used in incandescent light bulbs as an inexpensive alternative to argon
- Nitrogen gas used in the manufacture of stainless steel and the case-hardening of steel by nitriding
- Nitrogen gas formed from the decomposition of sodium azide is used for the inflation of airbags
- Nitrogen is a cryogenic liquid at very low temperature and used as a refrigerant
- Nitrogen gas is non-toxic, but is an asphyxiation hazard without oxygen
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